In ancient times, when paper was not invented for writing, then Vedas and Puranas were specially composed by writing on Bhojpatra, Palm Patra, Tamra Patra. Ancient inscriptions are also found on the walls of the temples. Bhojpatra is such a rare paper that was obtained from the dense forests of the foothills of the Himalayas.
Efforts are now being made to revive the rich heritage of ancient India by planting a rare Bhojpatra tree in a nursery of the spiritual city of Deoghar.
Bhojpatra plant has been brought from Himachal and planted here. The specialty of this plant is that when its stem is pressed at any place, a pit is formed. And its bark can be removed layer by layer.
Anything written in Bhojpatra lasts for thousands of years. There were innumerable texts written on Bhojpatra in Vikramshila, Mithila, Nalanda or other universities of that period, which were destroyed during foreign invasions. Later, many important documents written on Bhojpatra were taken from here to Germany during the British rule, which are still safe in the Munich library there.
Most of the writing was done on palm leaves in South India. First of all the leaves were plucked and dried in the shade and then kept hanging in the kitchen for several days to soften. Then, for the purpose of making a plane for writing on the leaves, they were rubbed on the stones very well. Later, writing was done by punching holes in the leaves with a pointed iron. Later carbon ink was rubbed on it. This filled the hole with carbon and thus the writing became visible. Efforts were also made to protect the leaves from insects and not to release carbon.
Manuscripts found on palm leaves are older than the 8th century. In 1700-1800, most of the records of the British period are found on palm leaves only.
According to an article published in Dainik Jagran, the manuscript ‘Sri Sutra’ written on a palm leaf bearing the seal of the Archaeological Department is about 475 years old. Similarly, the theology of Tamil language written on palm leaves with the point of a needle is about 600 years old. Buddhist stories written in Kannada amaze, while in their treasury there is a wonderful world of manuscripts decorated on palm leaves related to Sanatan, Dharmashastra, Jain Shastra, Astrology and Ayurveda. Some of the texts written on palm leaves decorated in these ancient heritage are inexplicable and understanding and explaining about them is also a huge task.
According to an article published in News18, there is one such 200-year-old document written on palm leaves in Ghatsila, Jharkhand. The ancient book Mahabharata written on palm leaves in Ghatshila is still safe. The story of Mahabharata written on palm leaves is originally in Oriya language, which has been kept very carefully by this priestly family. The language engraved on these palm letters can be easily read even today. This 200-year-old scripture has been preserved by the family of priest Ashit Panda for five generations. Ashit tells that this book is read daily only after worship.
Jagannath Puri from brought Gone Was it treatise
The family of Ashit Panda, a priest of Mahuldangari village of Baharagoda block of Ghatshila, has preserved the Mahabharata written on a palm leaf 200 years ago. Ashit Panda told that his family narrates the story of Mahabharata to people on special occasions. He said that his forefathers had brought Mahabharata Granth written on palm leaves from Jagannathpuri Dham. This book has been written on palm leaf with black ink prepared from the juice of many wild leaves and fruits. Its writing is still the same even after 200 years. It is completely in Oriya language. Even today it is completely safe with this priest’s family.
Knowledge of the past is necessary for the betterment of the present. Palm leaf manuscripts that preserve our traditions, historical heritage and glorious past are prominent in this. The writings on palm leaves contain valuable information about India’s past.
Turning the pages of history, it is known that kings and emperors used to write about their times on stone pieces, pillars and palm leaves. Like the kings of the Chola dynasty.
Palm leaf manuscripts are manuscripts made out of dried palm leaves. Palm leaves were used as writing materials in the Indian subcontinent and in Southeast Asia dating back to the 5th century BCE and possibly much earlier. Their use began in South Asia and spread elsewhere: in the form of texts on dried palm leaves.
One of the oldest surviving palm-leaf manuscripts of a complete text is a 9th-century Sanskrit Shaivism text, discovered in Nepal, now preserved in the Cambridge University Library. The Spitzer Manuscript is a collection of palm leaf fragments found in the Kizil Caves, China. They date to approximately the 2nd century CE and are the oldest known philosophical manuscripts in Sanskrit.
History
Palm leaves up to one meter long and ten centimeters wide are durable for a long time, so they were used for writing books and painting. Firstly these palm leaves were dried, boiled or soaked and then dried again. In palm-leaf manuscripts, the text was rectangularly cut and the letters were scratched with a knife-tip iron pen, also called a shalaka, right on the palm-leaf sheet. By cutting them in the desired shape and then applying kajal on them, these letters turned black and became readable.
The dyes were then applied to the surface and the ink was wiped away leaving incised grooves. Each sheet usually had a hole through which a string could pass, and these were tied together with a string to bind the sheets together like a book.
The entire manuscript was pierced by inserting pieces of bamboo about four centimeters or so from each end i.e. binding in today’s language by attaching heavy wooden covers at the front and back and then tying with braided cords. Among the thousands of manuscripts written on palm leaves, there are some such, for which gold has been used to write.
The manuscript of Mahabharata on palm leaves and the manuscript of Gita written with golden letters, flower-leaves juice have been preserved for almost four hundred years in Gitapress of Gorakhpur.
A palm leaf made in this way typically lasts between a few decades and about 600 years before decaying due to moisture, insect activity, mold, and fragility. Thus the document had to be copied onto a new set of dry palm leaves. The oldest surviving palm leaf Indian manuscripts have been found in cool, dry climates in Nepal, Tibet, and parts of Central Asia, the source of 1st millennium CE manuscripts.
preparation And protection
Palm leaves are first cooked and dried. The writer then uses the pen to write the letter. Natural dyes are applied to the surface so that the ink sticks to the grooves. The process is similar to intaglio printing. Afterwards, a clean cloth is used to wipe off the excess ink and the leaf manuscript is prepared.
The individual sheets of palm leaves were called patra or parna in Sanskrit (Pali/Prakrit: panna), and the prepared medium for writing was called tada-patra (or tala-patra, tali, toddy). . Sugar discovered in Turkestan bower The famous 5th-century Indian manuscript, called the Manuscript, was written on sheets of treated birch-bark the size of palm leaves.
Hindu temples often served as centers where ancient manuscripts were regularly used for learning and where texts were copied when they became worn out. In South India, the oldest surviving palm leaves in temples and associated monasteries served these functions, and large numbers of manuscripts on Hindu philosophy, poetry, grammar and other subjects were written, multiplied and preserved inside the temples.
Archaeological and epigraphical evidence indicates the existence of libraries called Saraswati-Bhandara, which probably date back to the early 12th century and employed librarians attached to Hindu temples. Palm-leaf manuscripts were also preserved in Jain temples and Buddhist monasteries.
The library of Sampurnanand Sanskrit University, Varanasi, built in 1914, also known as Saraswati Bhavan, has three lakh books, oriental texts, rare manuscripts under one roof. 16,500 rare manuscripts brought from different parts of the country have been preserved here. A team of experts has been engaged to fix thousands of manuscripts written on palm leaves using scientific methods. This work is being done with the initiative of Infosys Foundation. These would traditionally be wrapped in red colored ‘Kharwa’ cloth. Kharwa is a special type of cotton cloth on which books are wrapped by applying chemicals. It provides protection to books from insects and moisture. The library of Tamil Nadu has a world of more than 70,000 manuscripts. There is also a manuscript on palm leaf which is kept in the display section so that one can understand this obscure language.
With the spread of Indian culture to Southeast Asian countries such as Indonesia, Cambodia, Thailand and the Philippines, these nations also became home to large collections. Palm-leaf manuscripts in dedicated stone libraries called lontar have been discovered by archaeologists in Hindu temples in Bali, Indonesia, and in 10th-century Cambodian temples such as Angkor Wat and Banteay Srei.
The Paramesvaratantra, one of the oldest surviving Sanskrit manuscripts on palm leaves, is a Shaiva canon text of Hinduism. It dates from the 9th century, and dates to around 828 CE. The discovered palm-leaf collection also includes parts of another text, the Jnanarsva Mahatantra, currently held by the University of Cambridge. Many governments are making efforts to save their palm leaf documents.
writing systems Of Design Of With Relation,
The rounded and curved design of the letters in many South Indian and Southeast Asian scripts, such as Devanagari, Nandinagari, Telugu, Lontara, Javanese, Balinese, Odia, Burmese, Tamil, Khmer, and so forth, may have been an adaptation to the use of cursive writing. of palm leaves, as the angular letters could tear the leaves.
regional Variations
Rajasthan From a Jain palm leaf manuscript. In Jaisalmer’s Granth Bhandar, some ancient manuscripts of palm leaves are kept as treasures.
Odisha
The palm leaf manuscripts of Odisha include scriptures, images of devadasis and various postures of the Kamasutra. Some of the earliest di
scoveries of Odia palm-leaf manuscripts include writings in both Odia and Sanskrit such as the Smarakadipika, Ratimanjari, Panchasayaka and Anangaranga. The State Museum of Odisha in Bhubaneswar houses 40,000 palm leaf manuscripts. Most of them are written in the Odia script, although the language is Sanskrit. The oldest manuscript here dates back to the 14th century but the text may date back to the 2nd century.
Tamil Nadu
16th century Christian prayer in Tamil, palm leaf manuscripts In 1997 the United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) recognized the Tamil Medical Manuscript Collection as part of the Memory of the World Register. A very good example of the use of palm leaf manuscripts to store history is the Tolkappiyam, a Tamil grammar book written around the 3rd century BCE. A global digitization project led by the Tamil Heritage Foundation collects, preserves, digitizes and makes available ancient palm-leaf manuscript documents to users via the Internet.
Java And Bali
palm leaf manuscript in indonesia lontar It is called The modern form of the Indonesian word is Old Javanese. rontal , It is composed of two old Javanese words, namely Ron “Leaf” and rythm , Borassus flabellifer , Palmyra Palm”. Due to the shape of the palm leaves, which spread like a fan, these trees are also known as “fan trees”. The leaves of the rontal tree have always been used for many purposes, such as for making pleated mats, palm sugar wrappers, water scoops, jewelry, ritual tools, and writing materials. Today, in the art of writing rontal Still survives in Bali, rewriting Hindu texts as a sacred duty performed by Balinese Brahmins.
kakawin arjun marriage Balinese palm-leaf manuscript of.
Many older manuscripts, dated from ancient Java, Indonesia, were written on palm-leaf manuscripts. Manuscripts dated from the 14th to the 15th century during the Majapahit period. anything found as before Arjunawiwaha , Smaradahana , Nagarakretagama And kakwin sutsom , of which were discovered on the neighboring islands of Bali and Lombok. This suggests that the tradition of preserving, copying and rewriting palm-leaf manuscripts has continued for centuries. Other palm leaf manuscripts include Sundanese language : works Carita Parahyangan , Sanghyang Siksakandang Karesian And Bujangga ruby ,
The manuscript of Mahabharata on palm leaves and the manuscript of Gita written with golden letters, flower-leaves juice have been preserved for almost four hundred years in Gitapress of Gorakhpur.
Uthiramerur, 30 km from Kanchipuram is 1250 years old.
The village named Uthiramerur, 30 km from the famous Kanchipuram of Tamil Nadu, is about 1250 years old. The village had a model electoral system and a written constitution prescribing the manner of election. It is one of the oldest temples of democracy.
Vaikuntha Perumal Temple is located in Kanchipuram, Tamil Nadu.
On the platform wall of the Vaikuntha Perumal (Vishnu) temple here, state edicts of the Chola dynasty are recorded during the year 920 AD. Many of these provisions are also in the existing Model Election Code. It was inscribed on the walls of the gram sabha, a rectangular structure made of granite slabs.
Another example of the strength of democracy at the local level in Indian history is written on the walls of Utthiramerur in Kancheepuram district, the constitution of the gram sabha system prevalent in the middle of the seventh century, in it the qualifications required to contest elections, the method of election, the candidates selected. There is also a discussion of the term of office, the conditions for the disqualification of the candidates and the people’s authority under which the people could recall their people’s representatives. If these public representatives did not discharge their responsibilities properly.
The Pallava dynasty sculptures of Vaikuntha Perumal temple and several inscriptions have helped the historians of South India to write about all the events of the ancient Pallava history and fix the chronology of this dynasty.
About 25 inscriptions, spanning the reign of the Pallava kings, have been found at Uthiramerur. The Uttaramerur inscription of Parantaka I of 921 AD has been obtained from a place called Uttaramerur located in Kanchipuram district of Tamil Nadu state of India. The Uttaramerur inscription of Parantaka I gives information about local self-government during the time of the ruler of the Chola dynasty.
According to the Uttaramerur inscription, during the reign of the Chola dynasty, grants of land were given to Brahmins in India whose administrative responsibilities were discharged by the village itself.
During the reign of the Chola dynasty, villages in India were divided into 30 wards.
This committee of 30 wards or members was called sabha or ur in India during the reign of Chola dynasty.
During the rule of the Chola dynasty, some qualifications were necessary to become a member of the committee in India, such as-
* To become a member, it was necessary to have at least 1½ acres of land.
* To become a member, it was necessary to have one’s own house.
* To become a member it was necessary to have knowledge of Vedas.
* The one who wanted to become a member himself and his family and none of his friends should be of criminal nature.
* The age limit for becoming a member was from 35 years to 70 years.
* A person could become a member only once.
* Used to get the children selected by lottery to become members.
Candidates are selected by kudavoloi (literally, palm leaves [टिकट] pots of [का]) was done through the system:
Names of eligible candidates were written on palm leaf tickets
Stamps are put into a pot and shuffled
A young boy was asked to draw as many tickets as there were positions
The name on the ticket was read by all the priests
The candidate whose name is read out is selected
The tenure of a member of the committee was 360 days. Anyone found guilty of a crime was immediately removed from office.
The one who got the most votes was elected a member of the Gram Sabha. Not only this, the person who commits family adultery or rape used to be disqualified from participating in elections for 7 generations.
One of the best poems of Bharat Ratna Atal Bihari Vajpayee ji, “Bharat Zameen Ka Tukda Nahi” does not see India as just a piece of land but expresses it as a complete nation. This poem gives the best expression of patriotism. While expressing, it expresses the sense of dedication of whole life towards the nation.
India is not a piece of land,
He is a living national man.
Himalaya is the head, Kashmir is the crown,
Punjab and Bengal are two huge shoulders.
The Eastern and the Western Ghats are two huge mountains.
‘Kanyakumari is its feet, the ocean washes its feet.
This is the land of sandalwood, the land of greetings,
This is the land of sacrifice, this is the land of offering.
Its pebble is Shankar,
Its point-point is the water of the Ganges.
we will live for this
Will die for this.
-Atal Bihari Vajpayee
March 3, 2020 – In the BJP Parliamentary Party meeting, PM Modi, without naming former PM Manmohan Singh, said that saying ‘Bharat Mata ki Jai’ to the former prime minister also stinks. At the time of independence, some people in this Congress were against singing Vande Mataram. Now he is also facing difficulty in saying ‘Bharat Mata Ki Jai’.
It is worth mentioning here that on 22 February 2020 former Prime Minister Manmohan Singh said that nationalism and Bharat Mata Ki Jai slogans are being misused. This slogan is wrongly being used to project a “fiery and purely emotional image of India” which alienates millions of citizens.
It is worth mentioning here that on January 26, 2020, at the Indian Consulates in New York, Chicago, Houston, Atlanta and San Francisco, and the Indian Embassy in Washington, protesters chanted “Bharat Mata Ki Jai” and “Hindu, Muslim, Sikh” in demonstrations against the citizenship law. Christians raised slogans, all brothers among themselves.
The recently formed Coalition to Stop Genocide organized protests in about 30 US cities. This includes organizations such as the Indian American Muslim Council (IAMC), Equality Labs, Black Lives Matter (BLM), Jewish Voice for Peace (JVP) and Hindus for Human Rights (HFHR). There was a lot of debate in the Parliament regarding the 1962 war. In those days, the opposition had created a ruckus about Aksai Chin being taken over by China. Jawaharlal Nehru made a statement in the Parliament that even a straw of grass does not grow in Aksai Chin, it is a barren area. In a packed parliament, Mahavir Tyagi showed his bald head to Nehru and said – Nothing grows here too, so should I get it cut or give it to someone else. Think what would have happened to Nehru after hearing the answer of his own cabinet member Mahavir Tyagi?
Nehru ji was also allergic to the word Bharat Mata but not Mahatma Gandhi.
In 1936, Shiv Prasad Gupta built the temple of Bharat Mata in Banaras. It was inaugurated by Mahatma Gandhi.
Pandit Nehru used to say that India means that piece of land – if you raise the slogan of Bharat Mata Ki Jai, then you are hailing our natural resources.
Friedrich Max Müller (German: 6 December 1823 – 28 October 1900) was a German-born linguist and Orientalist who lived and studied in Britain for most of his life. He was one of the founders of the Western academic disciplines of Indian Studies and Religious Studies (‘Science of Religion’, German: Religionswissenschaft). Müller wrote both scholarly and popular works on the subject of Indology.
In his sixties and seventies, Müller gave a series of lectures which reflected a more nuanced approach in favor of Hinduism and the ancient literature of India. His “What Can India Teach Us?” Lecture at the University of Cambridge, he championed ancient Sanskrit literature and India as follows:
If I were to look around the world and find a country most affluent in all the wealth, power and beauty that nature has to offer – a very paradise on earth in some parts – then I should point to India. If I were to be asked under what sky the human mind has most fully developed some of its choicest gifts, has pondered most deeply upon life’s greatest problems, and found solutions to some of them which even Worth noting are those who have studied Plato and Kant—I must point to India. And if I ask myself, to what literature are we in Europe, we who have been nourished almost exclusively on the ideas of the Greeks and Romans, and a Semitic race, the Jews, can draw that reformer which is most in order is more desired to make our inner life more perfect, more comprehensive, more universal, indeed more truly human, a life,
, Max Müller(1883)
He also speculates that the introduction of Islam in India in the 11th century had a profound effect on the psyche and behavior of Hindus in another discourse, “The True Character of the Hindus”:
Other epics too,Mahabharata, is full of episodes showing deep respect for truth. (…) If I must quote from all the law-books, and still from later works, everywhere you will hear the same key-tone of truthfulness pulsating through them all. (…) I say once again that I do not want to represent the people of India as two hundred and thirty three million angels, but I want it to be understood and accepted as a fact, that the harmful ancient The allegation of untruth leveled against the people is completely baseless. This is not only not true, but the exact opposite of the truth. As far as the modern period is concerned, and I date them after about 1000 AD, I can only say that after reading the accounts of the horrors and horrors of the Muslim rule, My wonder is that native virtues and truthfulness should abound so much. Got saved
— Max Müller, (1884)
Swami Vivekananda, who was a chief disciple of Ramakrishna Paramahansa, met Müller over lunch on 28 May 1896. Swami later wrote about Müller and his wife:
This trip was truly a revelation for me. That little white house, set in a beautiful garden, that silver-haired sage, with his face calm and gentle, and his forehead as smooth as a child’s in spite of seventy winters, and every line on that face spoke of a deep mine. Spirituality has been somewhere behind; That pious wife, through her long and arduous work of life’s helpers, opposition and contempt, and finally creating respect for the ideas of the sages of ancient India – trees, flowers, peace, and clear sky – all of which Sent me back to the imagination of the glorious days of ancient India, the days of our brahmarshis and rajarshis, the days of the great vanaprasthas, the days of Arundhati and Vashishtha. It was neither linguist nor scholar that I saw,
In his career, Müller expressed the view several times that there needed to be a “reformation” within Hinduism, comparable to the Christian reformation. [24] In his view, “If there is one thing to which the comparative study of religions puts into the clearest light, it is the inevitable decay to which every religion is exposed … Whenever we can trace a religion to its first beginnings, we free from the many defects which afflicted it in later states”.
He encouraged such reforms on the lines of Ram Mohan Roy. Brahmo Samaj used his relations with Müller believed that the Brahmos would give rise to an Indian form of Christianity and that they were in practice “Christian, Roman Catholic, Anglican or Lutheran”. In the Lutheran tradition, he hoped that “superstition” and idolatry, which he believed characterized modern popular Hinduism, would disappear. [26]
Müller wrote:
Its after Veda will tell a great deal about the fate of India and the development of millions of souls in that country. This is the root of their religion, and to show them what the root is, I am sure, is the only way to uproot whatever has arisen from it during the last 3,000 years… One must rise up and do that What he can do is God’s work.
Müller hoped that increased funding for education in India would promote a new form of literature combining Western and Indian traditions. In 1868 he appointed the newly appointed secretary of state George Campbell wrote to :
India has been conquered once, but India must be conquered again, and that second conquest must be conquered by education. Of late much has been done for education, but if the funds were tripled and quadrupled, it would hardly be enough (…) to encourage, as part of their education, the study of their own ancient literature By doing this, a sense of national pride and self-respect would be rekindled in those who influence large masses of people. A new national literature may emerge, imbued with Western ideas, yet retaining its original spirit and character (…) A new national literature will bring with it a new national life and a new moral enthusiasm. As for Dharma, it will take care of itself. Missionaries have done much more than they themselves know, nay, most of the work that is theirs, they will probably decline. Our nineteenth century Christianity will hardly be the Christianity of India. But the ancient religion of India is doomed – and if Christianity doesn’t step in, whose fault will it be?
— Max Müller, (1868)
Sanskrit study
In 1844, oxford Before beginning his academic career in Berlin, Müller studied with Friedrich Schelling. He began translating the Upanishads for Schelling, and continued to research Sanskrit under Franz Bopp, the first systematic scholar of Indo-European languages (IE). Schelling inspired Müller to link the history of language with the history of religion. At this time, Müller published his first book, a German translation of Hitopadesa, a collection of Indian fables. , [
In 1845, Müller moved to Paris to study Sanskrit under Eugène Burnouf. Barnouf encouraged him to publish the entire Rigveda, using the manuscripts available in England. He went to England in 1846 to study Sanskrit texts in the collection of the East India Company. He supported himself at first with creative writing, his novel German Love being popular in his time.
Müller’s connections with the East India Company and culturalists at the University of Oxford led to a career in Britain
, where he eventually became a leading intellectual commentator on the culture of India. At that time, Britain controlled the region as part of its empire. This led to a complex exchange between Indian and British intellectual culture, particularly through Müller’s links with the Brahmo Samaj.
Müller’s Sanskrit study occurred at a time when scholars were beginning to look at the development of language in relation to cultural development. The recent discovery of the Indo-European language group has begun to give rise to much speculation about the relationship between Greco-Roman cultures and more ancient ones. The Vedic culture of India in particular was considered the ancestor of European classical cultures. Scholars compare genetically related European and Asian languages to reconstruct the earliest form of the root language. The Vedic language, Sanskrit, was believed to be the oldest of the IE languages.
Thousands start thinking because of each drop of ink. So we don’t have just one supreme text as others have. We have Ramayana, Mahabharata, Gita, Vedas and so many more and all are supreme. If all these books were not there then what would happen to you Kaliya? German-origin linguist and orientalist Friedrich Max Müller was jubilant by placing the Gita on his head…
India is a sovereign nation, unlike the US and the erstwhile USSR.
It is a misconception of some people and their misguided leaders that, “India is not a nation but a union of states”. Such leaders should understand that India is an ancient nation. There is cultural continuity here for thousands of years. It is the ancient culture that connects everyone.
Cultural nationalism is at the root of India’s specialty of ‘unity-integrity’.
In 1904 Mohammad Iqbal wrote Hind’s Tarana,
*’ Greece Egypt Rome all disappeared from where,
But till now, the rest of the names and marks are ours.
There is some thing that our personality does not fade away,
Enemies have been visiting our place for centuries.
but, Some shower after only their Pen From Out,Muslim Huh we, homeland Is Sarah where our,,
In this context, it is notable here that Iqbal was born on 9 November 1877 in a Hindu Kashmiri family in Sialkot, Punjab province of British India (now in Pakistan). His family was a Kashmiri Pandit (of the Sapru clan) who converted to Islam in the 15th century and had its roots in a village in Kulgam in South Kashmir.
India’s culture and cultural nationalism are the same, not different. That’s why we have unity in diversity here. Asetu Himachal is a culture. We are because of our culture and cultural nationalism”World Teacher’ are in place of in cultural nationalismVasudhaiva Kutumbakam contains the spirit of.
Marxist thinker Damodar Dharmanand Kosambi has written in ‘Ancient Indian Culture and Civilization’, ‘Here there is unity with diversity. The whole country does not have one language. There are people of many colors. What has been said so far may lead to the belief that India has never been a nation. Also that India’s civilization and culture is the product of Muslim or British conquest. If it were so, Indian history would be the history of the winners only. In Kosambi’s view, India was a nation even before foreign invasions. He reminds that the biggest feature of Indian culture is its continuity in our country.
Dr. Ram Vilas Sharma, the great critic of Hindi literature, was one of the few thinkers who gave the most accurate interpretation of Marxism in the Indian context. Like many historians, Dr. Ram Vilas Sharma also believes that Arya came to India via Iran. That’s why it is very natural for them to think that sun worship started in Iran. Arya-non-Arya debate has actually been a weapon of imperialism.
Dr. Ram Vilas Sharma has presented a word picture of thousands of years old nation. He writes in ‘Indian Renaissance and Europe’ that looking at the country where the sages of Rigveda lived, it is written, ‘Here a certain country has been named.’
Supporting this, another scholar Pusalkar has determined the outline of the nation on the basis of river names. It includes Afghanistan, Punjab, partly Sindh, Rajasthan, North West Frontier Province, Kashmir and Eastern India up to Saryu. Dr. Ram Vilas Sharma has described India as a nation of Rigvedic period. He has given the opinion of many scholars, ‘The country where seven rivers flow is the same country, where the Harappan civilization developed after the deluge and after the displacement of the Indians. This country was the largest nation in the world for a long time after the Rigveda and the Harappan period. Nation is not just land. The people who live on it are the nation.
Former Speaker of Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly Sanjay Porkhial has also made it clear that there is no result of nation agreement. The basis of nation formation is not religion, creed and religion. In a mantra of the Atharvaveda, the story of the birth and development of the nation goes like this, ‘The sages developed self-knowledge for the welfare of all. Did hard penance. Followed the rules of initiation etc. Enlightenment, penance and initiation gave birth to the nation’s strength and vigor.’ ‘Tato Rashtram Balam Ajayat.’
Rashtra is a Sanskrit word and Nation is its English translation. the mention of the word nation It is in Rigveda. It is in Yajurveda. It is in the Atharvaveda. in Ramayana and Mahabharata Is. Rahul Gandhi’s knowledge is not only unique, but pathetic. He also rejected the point of Jawaharlal Nehru. Nehru has described the nation of India as very ancient in Discovery of India.
The example of the European Union is pointless. The European Union is formed by agreement. Its member states have sovereignty, but not the European Union. The nation is sovereign in India. States can be made smaller as well as bigger under the constitution of a sovereign nation. The state system is fundamental. The constitution has given them many rights.
Us constitution of india Should be familiar with the right to increase or decrease the boundary of the states mentioned in The states of America are permanent. Their union and the union of India are different. America is a federation of indestructible states.
Dr. Ambedkar told the American story in the Constituent Assembly (25.11.1949), ‘The American Protestant Church proposed a prayer for the country that O God bless our nation.’ Objections arose because America was not a nation. The prayer modified to, ‘O God bless these united states.’
The Indian state is a living entity. Here the national anthem “Jana Gana Mana . , ” Is. The national song is “Vande Mataram”. The symbol of the nation is the national flag “Ashoka Chakra in tricolor”. The national bird is peacock. Therefore questioning the existence of the nation is objectionable.
It is an eternal truth that our culture works to connect the world. Our feelings are contained in our actions “Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam”. The creative expression of the Indian soul first took place in the fields of philosophy, religion and culture. Calling India ‘Bharat Mata’ itself reflects our culture of ‘cultural nationalism’. It is the gift of our cultural nationalism that we always worship stones, rivers, mountains, trees, plants, birds and culture feeders in our country. Shankarji’s abode is told in every part of our country.
Article-I of the Constitution describes India as a Union of States, but the Preamble clearly states, ‘We the people of India having adopted, enacted and adopted this Constitution to constitute India as a Sovereign, Socialist, Secular, Democratic, Republic of India’ Let’s dedicate ourselves. ‘The motto also mentions the fraternity that ensures the unity and integrity of the nation.
The statement that Mahatma Gandhi developed mutual agreement between states and sects during the freedom movement is not correct. Dr. Ambedkar clarified (04-11-1948), ‘The Drafting Committee wishes to clarify that although India is a union, this union is not the result of an agreement between the states.’ India is a sovereign nation state. It is not the result of any agreement. The sovereign nation formed the states to run the system of the country properly. T
he nation itself made the state.
Rahul Gandhi has been constantly questioning the idea of India for some time now. In February 2022, also Rahul Gandhi said in the Indian Parliament that India was just a “Union of States” and not a nation. But this time in Cambridge, London. In his view, India is not a nation. It is a union of states formed by the mutual agreement of the states. Why do they remember the Constitution of America more? We are not America where people have to take citizenship of the states as well as the country. We are one. We are India. For administrative convenience, the powers of the states and the central government are neatly divided. But the people of India will not accept any challenge to our existence as a nation.
cambridge university On Tuesday, May 23, 2022, Rahul Gandhi reached a program called ‘India at 75’. Where Dr. Shruti Kapila, Associate Professor of History and Indian-origin educationist at Corpus Christi College, answered questions from him.
Congress Of senior Leader Rahul Gandhi cambridge university Of students Of with Conversation in India to states Of Federation Of Form in described Did. Congress Leader has Said That ,India One Nation No Is, Rather states Of One Federation Is.,
Congress leader Rahul Gandhi, who reached London’s Cambridge University, came face to face with Indian Civil Service officer Siddharth Verma. During the entire program, there were fierce questions and answers between the two on the issue of the nation and the state. Siddharth Verma tweeted a video on Tuesday, 24 May, in which he objected to Rahul Gandhi’s ‘Idea of India’.
Railway Traffic Service officer raised questions on Rahul Gandhi’s ‘Idea of India’ and said, ‘Don’t you think that as a political leader, your Idea of India not only has errors and mistakes, but it is also dangerous, because It negates the history of thousands of years.
Siddharth Verma told Rahul Gandhi that ‘you mentioned Article 1 of the Constitution, in which India has been called the Union of States. If you turn the page and read the preamble, then India has been described as a nation there. India is one of the oldest civilizations in the world and the word nation is also mentioned in the Vedas here. We are a very old civilization. Even when Chanakya used to teach students in Takshila, he also clearly said, you all may be from different janapadas, but you all belong to one nation and that is India. India is not just a shallow political existence with a history of 75 years, but India has existed for thousands of years and will remain so for eternity..’
The officer once again told Rahul Gandhi, no, the Sanskrit translation of nation is Rashtra.
To this Rahul Gandhi replied, ‘Did he use the word nation?’ So Siddhartha said that he had used the word ‘Rashtra’. Rahul said, ‘The nation is an empire.’ Then the officer said, ‘No, Rashtra is the Sanskrit word for nation.’
Rahul, however, insisted that “rashtra” meant “state”, not “nation”.
Clarifying the nation, Rahul Gandhi said that “nation” means “state”, not “nation”.
The word nation is a western concept”, the concept of nation-states originated in the west and India was just a federation of states. To this Siddhartha Varma countered him by saying, “So when I talk about nation, I don’t just talk about political institutions because we have had these experiments all over the world. You had the USSR, you had Yugoslavia, you had the United Arab Republic. So unless nations have a strong socio-cultural and emotional bond and a composite culture, a constitution cannot make a nation.
Rahul Gandhi again said, the meaning of nation is Kingdom (kingdom).
it Argument Accompaniment Eternal truth Is That India ancient Nation Is. Here thousands years From cultural continuity Is. to all add Wali ancient culture Is..”?
There was a well-planned propaganda during the British Raj that the British made India a nation. Gandhiji was against this opinion. He wrote in ‘Hind Swaraj’, ‘It was the British who taught you that you were not a nation. This thing is absolutely baseless. Even when the British were not in India, we were one nation. Only then the British established a state here. According to Gandhiji, India was and is a nation.
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The definition of Article 1 mentioned in the Constitution can be read and understood that the States do not have the right to secede from the Union. It is such a union that it cannot be disintegrated.
What is actually written about this in the constitution of India. The very first article of the constitution defines India.
Roar of Dushyant’s Bharat
Hastinapur When we talk about it, we are often reminded of Lord Krishna’s advice to Arjuna.
God Mister Krishna Arjuna says:
Yada yada hi dharmasya glanirbhavati Bharat, abhyuthanam adharmasya tadatmanam srjamyaham.
परित्राणाय साधुनाम विनशाय चः दुषक्रिताम, धर्मं स्थापनार्थाय संभावामी यूगे यूगे।
Hey India! Whenever there is loss of righteousness and rise of unrighteousness, then only then I create my form, that is, I appear in front of the people in real form.
परित्राणाय सधूनां विनशाय च दुष्क्रिताम धध
Dharmasansthapanatharya Sambhavami Yuge Yuge.
I appear in every age to save the saints, to destroy the evildoers and to establish Dharma well.
Sanskrit has a basic verse =
Tasmadgyansambhootam hrtstham jnanasinaatmanah.
चिट्वैनं संश्यं योगमातिष्थोटिष्ठ भारत..4.42.
Sanskrit Commentary of above shloka By Sri Shankaracharya
..4.42) Tasmat papistham ajnaanasambhutam ajnaanat avivekaat jaatam hritstham hridi buddhou sthitatam jnanasina shokmohadidoshharam samyagdarshanam jnanam tadev asi: khangah ten jnanasina atmanah swasya atma-vishayatvat sanhayasya. Nahi Parasya Sanshaya: Paren Chhettavyataan Pratya: Yen Swasyeti Vishishyet. Hence self subject self self self. Chhittva enam sanshayam self-destruction, self-destruction yoga, self-respect, karmaanushthanam atishtha kurvityarth. Excellent Ch Idanin Yuddhaya Bharat.
Srimadbhagavadgita language
, 4.42) That’s why sinful knowledge arising from ignorance, arising from ignorance and blindness, residing in the heart, in the intellect, with the sword of knowledge destroying the sorrows and defects in the form of doubt is the sword of doubt. To suspect others has not been cut off by others, so as to attribute it to one’s own self. So the subject is ours too. That is, cut off this doubt, which is the cause of self-destruction, and practice yoga, the means of perfect vision, the practice of action. And now arise for battle, O Bharata.
In the commentary of Shrimadbhagwadgita
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Dushyant, the hero of Kalidasa’s ‘Abhigyan Shakuntalam’ was also its ruler. According to another tradition, King Vrishabha Dev had given the kingdom of Kuru region to his relative Kuru, Hastina of this Kuru dynasty had laid the foundation of Hastinapur on the banks of the Ganges.
One of my articles in English, written in this context in 2007, is also being remembered, whose parts of Hindi translation are also in the page of this editorial.
The roar of Dushyant’s India has the power to paralyze anti-Hindu forces.
Lions wake up, India’s heirs of Dushyant. The youth of India is not in a coma. If he is able to attempt to communicate but lacks the ability to articulate words, it is not a coma. The lions of India, the children of India are not in a coma.
dushyant Son Bharat Of 9 Son Were .And They Our sons to Prince So No Make because In those Prince to become Of any Property No Was .They Our state Of Prince Bhardwaj Bhumanyu to Make Was. that their People in From One Were,Here From Democracy Of foundation lying down Was.
Thus King Bharata, the son of Dushyanta and Shakuntala, ended the dynasty system and that was the beginning – India’s democracy? Oh! Wake up, the lions will wake up again!
We are waking up the sleeping lions of India! We are awakening the youth of India, the sons of Dushyant. Without this little piece of paper your life is as much as the life of a TB patient with junk.
Thousands start thinking because of each drop of ink. So we don’t have just one supreme text as others have. We have Ramayana, Mahabharata, Gita, Vedas and so many more and all are supreme.
If all these books were not there then what would happen to you Kaliya?
German-born linguist and Orientalist Frederick Max Müller was jubilant with Gita on his head
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The fearsome roar of a lion has the power to paralyze any animal that hears it, and this includes experienced human trainers. The youth of India is not in a coma. If he is able to attempt to communicate but lacks the ability to articulate words, it is not a coma. The lions of India, the children of India are not in a coma. King Bharat, the son of Dushyanta and Shakuntala, ended the dynasty system and that was the beginning of India’s democracy.
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Lions are very social for large carnivores, living in herds in the wild. Male lions will use their roars to scare off intruders and warn the pride of potential danger. It is also a display of power between other males. The roar of a lion can be heard up to 5 miles away. That is, when the male lion of the zoo roars, everyone’s attention goes to him! The fearsome roar of a lion has the power to paralyze any animal that hears it, and this includes experienced human trainers.
Why study what we cannot hear? “Humans can only hear some of the sounds that tigers use to communicate. Humans can hear frequencies from 20 Hz to 20,000 Hz, but whales, elephants, rhinos and tigers can pro
duce sounds below 20 Hz. This low-pitched sound, called “infrasound,” can travel long distances, penetrating buildings, cutting through dense forests, and even crossing mountains. The lower the frequency, the more distance the sound can travel. Scientists believe that infrasound is the missing link in tiger communication.
A young lion, he didn’t speak much, but as he matures and finds his place with the female, he is gaining more confidence and roars more. it’s so amazing. When it roars inside its habitat it literally shakes the chest, it is very loud. There are only four species of the Panthera genus that can roar: lions, tigers, leopards and jaguars. The bones and voice box of these cats can expand and stretch more. Compared to other species, that helps make a deep, loud roaring sound. The anatomy of cheetahs, snow leopards, pumas and other species is closer to that of small cats – even house cats – so they have vocalizations that are a typical “purr.” sounds like.
In the first study of its kind, they recorded every growl, hiss, squeal and roar of twenty-four tigers. Bioacoustics found that tigers can produce sounds at about 28 Hz and that when tigers roar they can produce frequencies much below this, “When a tiger roars – the sound will rattle and paralyze you,” “although untreated , we suspect it is due to the low frequencies and loudness of the sound.” When** the researchers tapped back. In recorded tiger sounds, including audio and infrasound, tigers appeared to respond to these sounds. Sometimes they would go towards the speaker roaring and leaping and sometimes they would leave secretly. Their next step is to take the recorded infrasound to scientists who can determine whether tigers can hear infrasound. And look forward to learning more about tigers, saving them from extinction, and understanding the unheard, paralyzing power of their roar.
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The Cowardly Lion American author L. A character from the fictional land of Oz by Frank Baum. He is depicted as an African lion, but like all the animals in Oz, he can speak.
Since lions are considered the “king of the beasts”, the Cowardly Lion believes that his fear makes him invulnerable. He does not understand that courage means facing fear.
The Cowardly Lion: According to the story-
The lion was a coward and was afraid of his shadow
The Cowardly Lion: According to the story of the book, the lion was a coward, and was afraid of his own shadow. He travels to the Emerald Kingdom with the Tin Man and Dorothy Gale, the Scarecrow of Canaan, America, to see if the magician can give him the courage. Chapter VI of the Book
The Cowardly Lion was very sad that he did not have the courage and while telling his story a small tear fell down his face.
A big animal like you, you should be ashamed of yourself, for biting a poor little dog! could not dare
“I didn’t cut it”, said the lion.
Dorothy said, “You are nothing but a big coward”
I know I am a coward, said the lion.
Dorothy asked what makes you a coward
“It is a secret,” replied the lion:
“All the other animals in the jungle expect me to be brave, because the lion is considered the king of animals everywhere. I learned that if I roared too loudly, every living creature would get scared and get out of my way. If *elephants and tigers and bears ever tried to fight me. I should have fled myself – I am such a coward; But as soon as they hear me roar, they all try to get away from me, and of course I let them go.
The Cowardly Lion was very sad that he had no courage and a small tear rolled down his face as he narrated his story.
He further said “Whenever there is any danger, my heart starts beating fast.-
maybe you have heart disease
Maybe, said the lion
I don’t have a heart, so I don’t have heart disease, said Dorothy
If I don’t have heart, I shouldn’t be a coward, said the lion
Do you have a brain, asked the scarecrow
I think so, replied the lion
“Do you think Oz can give me courage?” the Cowardly Lion asked Dorothy. After hearing an affirmative answer, Singh said, “Then if you don’t mind, I will go with you to Kaunas. Without courage my life is unbearable for me.
“Do you think Oz can give me courage?” the Cowardly Lion asked Dorothy. After hearing an affirmative answer, Singh said, “Then if you don’t mind, I will go with you to Kansas. Without courage my life is unbearable for me.
,excellent awake receivable Declaration, Means get up, wake up, and stop till the goal is achieved.
The longest nights seem to be passing by; most annoying problems
Looks; is about to end; corpse-like people seem to be awake and our
A voice is coming near – from far behind; where history and even tradition
fails to peep into the shadow of The sound coming from there is knowledge; love and
Work is going on colliding with peak-to-peak of the Himalayas. of us
This motherland, Bharat or India – is one voice; that is coming inside us. this one
Normal, simple but firm and there is no margin for error. as time
leaving; Its getting louder and yes. Suppose the sleeper is awake.
Like the cool breeze of the Himalayas, it blew away the almost dead bones and
The muscles are coming to life. Being lazy and just blind will not see or.
Those who are perverted mind will not see that our mother land is waking up. our homeland
Woke up from a deep, long sleep. Now no one can stop them and neither can they
going to sleep; No unfair authority can stop them now; because
Vishnal Aakr is standing on his feet.
-Swami Vivekananda
Content
Predictions that the world’s original crypto would top US$100,000 by the end of the year are beginning to look overly optimistic, to put it diplomatically. Yet Mark Yusko, chief executive and investment officer at Morgan Creek Capital, is holding firm in his belief that Bitcoin will be worth US$250,000 within the next five years. He thinks Bitcoin’s current low price, as denominated in U.S. dollars, is bunk. Because of its decentralized nature, Bitcoin doesn’t follow the monetary policy of governments, and Bitcoin is not backed by any underlying asset or government. This creates skepticism among investors and consumers who appreciate the price stability signals a fiat currency enjoys from government policy and support. Bitcoin was trading at around Rs 47 lakhs on October 22, at the time of writing. It has risen about 125 percent so far this year. On the other hand, gold has fallen 8 percent year-to-date.
Crypto Price Prediction: Serious Fed Warning Issued Over Bitcoin, Ethereum, BNB, Solana, Cardano And XRP.
Posted: Tue, 30 Nov 2021 08:00:00 GMT [source]
The nodes that process transactions are called “miners” and the process “mining.” As compensation for the registration of each transaction in the blockchain, a reward is given to the miner. Miners perform the calculation needed to record the data and a completed and verified process chooses a miner as the winner to update the blockchain. Each participant has a revised version of the audit, and therefore, the entire system is decentralized . CoinDesk is an independent operating subsidiary of Digital Currency Group, which invests in cryptocurrencies and blockchain startups. The CoinDesk Bitcoin Price Index is the world’s leading reference for the price of bitcoin, used by the largest institutions active in crypto assets. Read more about Buy LTC here. It is the crypto market standard, benchmarking billions of dollars in registered financial products and pricing hundreds of millions in daily over-the-counter transactions. Built for replicability and reliability, in continuous operation since 2014, the XBX is relied upon by asset allocators, asset managers, market participants and exchanges. The XBX is the flagship in a portfolio of single- and multi-asset indices offered by CoinDesk. These developments confirm a growing trend of regulatory and institutional acceptance of cryptocurrencies.
If demand stays the same but the supply decreases, this puts upward pressure on the price. Another major investment in Bitcoin comes from hedge fund One River, that has reportedly bought more than $600 million in cryptocurrencies. There are a multitude of reasons for Bitcoin’s price rise. Investment from large institutions like MicroStrategy have led the way, as have major companies like Grayscale managing Bitcoin for their own clients. What’s more, it’s now easier to buy Bitcoin since PayPal began letting people buy and sell Bitcoin. In order to incentivize the distributed network of people verifying bitcoin transactions , a fee is attached to each transaction. The fee is awarded to whichever miner adds the transaction to a new block. Fees work on a first-price auction system, where the higher the fee attached to the transaction, the more likely a miner will process that transaction first. Over 2018, the entire crypto market plunged into what is now known as the “crypto winter” – a yearlong bear market. The data bears out this institutional investment story as well.
This creates an incentive to get involved early, as scarcity increases with time. And it does this through the participation of Bitcoin “miners”. This is anyone who chooses to run software to validate Bitcoin transactions on the blockchain. Typically, these people are actively engaged with cryptocurrency. Bitcoin has also been backed by a few large consumer-facing payment names. PayPal now allows customers to buy, hold and sell bitcoin directly from their PayPal accounts. Rival digital payment firm Square reported in November that more of its Cash App users are buying the digital currency, and buying more on average than before.
On the supply side, Bitcoin is a unique asset in that its new supply schedule is absolutely inelastic; it is completely immune to fluctuations in demand. When most goods, including fiat currency and gold, experience a rise in demand, producers react by increasing production and returning prices to an equilibrium. When demand for bitcoin rises, thanks to the difficulty adjustment, production of new bitcoin does not rise. Non-statistical methods are powerful tools for forecasting non-linear time series. ANN and grey system theory are both non-statistical methods that are widely used for forecasting non-linear time series (Cen et al. 2006).
The next halving cycle will show us increased adoption of Bitcoin as a legal tender by developing countries. Different crypto experts hold varied opinions regarding the price of Bitcoin in 2025. In one study to map the future outlook of Bitcoin, a panel consisting of 42 crypto experts. They included crypto asset managers and cryptanalysts, predicted the price of Bitcoin in 2025. The panelists predicted that the price of Bitcoin would be $318,417 by December 2025 and rise to $4,287,591 by December 2030. While cryptos are likely to remain volatile in the short term, he believes Ethereum’s success suggests that the long-term outlook is positive. “Greater mainstream adoption and rapid growth in decentralised finance should provide long-term support.” As governments print money out of thin air, hard assets like Bitcoin and gold with limited supply will appreciate in value. The price started to recover after the US Federal Reserve and other central bankers launched their stimulus programmes, flooding markets with trillions of dollars.
Despite this, gold certainly fills a role as a security blanket for investors who are anxious about the state of the world. Gold’s most recent hayday, for instance, was between 2011 and 2012 when the U.S. was stumbling through its post-Great Recession recovery and the Euro Zone was teetering on the brink of currency disaster. For much of the past eight years, as stocks have zoomed, gold has been a dead weight, though. One Citibank analyst says Bitcoin could hit $318,000 by the end of next year, likening its meteoric rise to the 1970s gold market. An ounce of gold was worth about $35 in the beginning of 1970, compared to a little more than $1,900 now. Part of gold’s appeal, as Paul Tudor Jones noted, is its value as an inflation hedge. With bitcoin at an all-time high, you may be tempted to buy some of the cryptocurrency.
Bitcoin’s price is publicly available at any time through most cryptocurrency exchanges, along with cryptocurrency news and market websites. CoinMarketCap is one of the larger and better-known cryptocurrency valuation and data websites and is a trusted source of bitcoin price data. If you have an account at an exchange or brokerages like Coinbase, Robinhood, Gemini, tradeallcrypto, eToro, or FTX, you can view the current price in your trading app or account online. As discussed in the article, most often, other cryptocurrency prices rise when Bitcoin price increase and a good number of factors account for that. During the heat of the COVID19 crisis in March 2020, Bitcoin’s price was slashed by half, falling to as low as 3,780 USD. ETH and other coins/tokens that follow it were severely impacted proportionally, and the rise of BTC in the last months of 2020 has equally seen Alts rise. Most cryptocurrencies were forked from bitcoin simply because blockchain started with bitcoin. This very foundation makes it inevitable for Altcoins to follow Bitcoin, even though it is not always automatic for some Alts. We test the ability of our factors to price cryptocurrency returns following the asset pricing literature. Asset pricing theory suggests that if the aggregate computing power and network factors are meaningful risk factors for cryptocurrencies, then they should earn positive risk premia.
Even though it has been around for more than a decade, Bitcoin is still a nascent asset class. That means its price is determined by a complex combination of factors that include production costs, competition, and regulatory developments. The cryptocurrency’s technological roots mean that other factors—such as the difficulty levels of its algorithms, and forks on its blockchains—can also play important roles in determining its price. As mentioned earlier, regulatory news can move the cryptocurrency’s prices substantially. Hard and soft forks, which alter the number of bitcoins in existence, can also change investor perception of the cryptocurrency. For example, the forking of Bitcoin’s blockchain into Bitcoin Cash in August 2017 resulted in price volatility and spurred the valuation of both coins. That bitcoiners turn to such emotional arguments is also further proof, if it was required, that buying cryptocurrency is still a relatively irrational act. Arguably, buyers are still essentially gambling.
Research has shown the the price of a bitcoin has closely tracked its marginal cost of production. As Bitcoin nears its maximum limit, demand for its cryptocurrency is supposed to increase. The increased demand and limited supply push the price for a single bitcoin higher. Also, more institutions are investing in Bitcoin, stabilizing its markets and making it popular as an investing tool. If bitcoin cryptocurrency becomes popular as a tool for retail transactions, its utility and price will also increase. All of this means that shrinkage in supply has coupled with a surge in demand, acting as fuel for bitcoin prices.
Later on, Bitcoin gained some popularity among tech enthusiasts and corporate investors, leading to an enormous price growth from $4 in 2012 to $1,200 in 2017. However, despite the massive price growth, the BTC market was still volatile and still vulnerable to security challenges marked by the millions worth of cyberattacks. However, it lost more than half of its market value compounded by China’s harsh regulations and a crackdown on mining activities. The year has also witnessed an increase in Bitcoin adoption rate with several global financial institutions and established technology firms. Notably, they include PayPal, Visa, JPMorgan, Goldman Sachs, MicroStrategy, Apple, and Tesla, all adopting Bitcoin. Similar to Fiat currency, Bitcoin is also not backed by any gold or silver hence does not have any intrinsic value.
As the saying goes, buy the rumor, sell the news. The price of Bitcoin has been on a seemingly unstoppable ascent since November 2020, to reach the promised land (and all-time high) of $20,000 this month. However, the crypto’s value started tumbling in mid-May owing to China’s intense crackdown on mining activities. Other negative headlines, notably Tesla’s CEO Elon Musk U-turn on his decision to accept Bitcoin payments. He termed Bitcoin mining activities as bad for the environment. Moreover, this led to the coin losing almost half of its market value, trading at $30,895.42 at the time of writing. In essence, 2021 has arguably been the most volatile year in Bitcoin’s trading history, evidenced by unstable prices with intense market movements. Following increased Bitcoin adaptation coupled with increased blockchain-based investments, it’s evident that hyperbitcoinisation is almost a reality, predicted to occur by 2050.
You should only invest if you can afford to lose the money. They should also know that if they do sell and the rebound is “epic”, they may indeed feel some remorse, but it may not be as painful as they imagine. Fortunately, they found that we are also very good at avoiding self-blame. These are the core obsessions that drive our newsroom—defining topics of seismic importance to the global economy. Cong pointed out that the environmental concerns were there before the tweet and were well known, but the words of an influential person like Musk can sometimes move the market. Then there was the May 12 tweet from Elon Musk, the CEO of Tesla. He announced that the company would no longer be accepting Bitcoin as payment, due to environmental concerns. Not to invest more money than you can afford to lose.
Its price is now around US $34,000 — up about 77% over the past month and 305% over the past year. The real story is more complicated, according to Campbell Harvey, Duke professor and senior advisor to Research Affiliates. Over a time frame of hundreds of years, gold may retain its value. But over shorter periods of time, it’s highly volatile and very unpredictable. Enter Paul Tudor Jones and other hedge fund heavies, who began buying up Bitcoin in May in anticipation of rising inflation. In the U.S., the Federal Reserve immediately cut short-term interest rates to near zero and began printing trillions of dollars to buttress the economy. As the economy began to heal, Fed Chair Jerome Powell announced that the Fed would allow inflation to run a bit higher before the FOMC would contemplate raising interest rates again.
This is similar to the decoupling of fiat currencies from the gold standard. Tokens have been created to use smart contracts or tokens as a form of currency. They do not have a blockchain and are used on decentralized applications . Suitability as a currency, but now, it’s just one of many big names jumping on the Bitcoin bandwagon. And as it plows in alongside everyone else, it’s no wonder that Bitcoin’s price has been on fire.
There was news that South Korea and China might ban cryptocurrency exchanges. As you can imagine, this made a lot of investors scared and so they sold their Bitcoin. Bitcoin’s value is based on how valuable the market thinks it is. Think about some of the more-physical things you can currently invest in, such as gold. The price of gold depends on its supply and demand. For example, when a new goldmine is discovered, the price drops. This is because more gold becomes available and so it is no longer as rare. So, the rarer Bitcoin is, the higher Bitcoin predictions are. Understanding how to predict and invest is the first step to building a successful portfolio.
